Vinnytsya (Ukrainian Vinnytsia), city, west central Ukraine, capital of Vinnytsya Oblast, on the Southern Bug River.

It is an important railroad junction located in an agricultural region. The industries of Vinnytsya include food processing, especially beet sugar refining,

and the manufacture of machinery, fertilizer, and clothing. The community was founded in the 14th century around a Lithuanian fortress.

It was taken by Poland in 1569 and was annexed by Russia in 1793. During World War II Vinnytsya was occupied by German forces from 1941 to 1944. Population (1990 estimate) 379,000.